| Hello, *|NOME|* The formulation of public policies aimed at social mobility requires the use of indicators that allow dimensioning, approximating, or translating aspects of social and economic reality, in addition to quantifying the allocation of resources or production of goods and services made available. IMDS presents on its website a series of thematic panels that bring together several of these indicators, allowing the user to explore various themes and socioeconomic cutouts. In addition, the institute is concerned with keeping the data up to date, enabling analysis with the latest information available. In the panel "Children and Adolescents", which focuses on the situation of poverty and extreme monetary poverty in Brazil of this age group (0 to 17 years), the update with the data from PNAD 2022 shows that there was a reduction in the number of poor children and adolescents (from 18.9 to 15.5 million) and extremely poor (from 8.1 to 5.6 million) between 2021 and 2022. The panel also compares the characteristics between children and adolescents living in poor households and those living in households with per capita income among the top 20% in the country. One of the differences is the level of education of those responsible: 67.9% of children in poverty have guardians who have not completed high school, while among the richest children this percentage is only 8.5%. Another difference is the educational situation of the children themselves: 30.4% of the poorest children have a year or more of school delay; among the richest this rate is 12.3%. In addition, 3.3% of the poorest children do not attend school, compared to only 0.4% of the richest. In the panel "School Dropout" the educational indicators on the situation of young people from 15 to 21 years old in relation to schooling were updated. It shows how many young people are studying or out of school, and how many have or have not completed basic education. The data reveal a large inequality between the poorest and richest young people. In 2022, among 20- and 21-year-olds who belong to the 40% of the population with lower incomes, 31.7% were not in school and had not completed basic education. Among young people of the same age group who belong to the 40% of the population with the highest incomes, this percentage was only 10.6%, that is, one third. The update referring to 2002 allows the analysis of the reasons for school dropout – as the IBGE did not present the PNAD education supplement during the pandemic, the previous analysis referred to 2019. In 2022, among young men aged 15 to 21 years, the main stated reason for dropping out was the need to work (40.97%). Among young women of the same age group, the main reason stated was pregnancy (23.6%). Another panel, the "Elections", presents several topics relevant to the well-informed debate on public policies and to the elaboration of programs of state governments. They have been updated recently and cover areas such as Health, Education, Social Assistance, Housing, Security, Social Mobility, Labor Market and Economic Activity. With them, it is possible to make a detailed analysis of the conditions of each Brazilian state. For example, in the area of Education, one of the indicators shows the influence of the mother's level of education on the performance of students in the 3rd year of high school in mathematics in SAEB in 2022. In Rio Grande do Norte, students whose mothers completed high school had an adequate proficiency in mathematics 10 percentage points (p.p.) more than students whose mothers did not complete elementary school. In Amapá, this difference was only 1 p.p., and in the Federal District, 6 p.p. In the area of Health, one of the indicators shows the proportion of the population that received the vaccines recommended by the Ministry of Health in 2022. In Amazonas, the vaccination coverage rate was 71%, while in Rio de Janeiro it was only 51%. We hope that you have been interested in this subject and that you access the panels on our website. There you will find available many other possibilities for analysis. Until the next “Letter from IMDS”! Paulo Tafner CEO |
