Volatile income of the poorest segment leaves marks into the future

Poor children and adolescents in Brazil suffer not only because of their lower income, but because of the fragility of that income. A study by the Institute for Mobility and Social Development, based on data from the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (Pnad), shows that poor households have characteristics that make the family’s income even more vulnerable, compared to the households of the 20% with more income in the country. These are issues such as a larger share of employed workers without a formal contract and self-employed, a smaller share of those who contribute to Social Security and a smaller share of income from work.