Paraná has the second highest rate of social ascension in Brazil, study shows
The index, formulated by researchers from the Institute for Mobility and Social Development, based on data from the Federal Revenue Service, the Ministries of Labor and Employment and Social Development, and household surveys by IBGE, takes into account children born among the poorer 50% of the population and the chance of them reaching an income range 10% higher than that of their parents.
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