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2023 - Edition 24 | August 08

The central characters of Brazilian social policies

In addition to focusing on the Bolsa Família, the IMDS is deepening analyses on the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS)

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    The IMDS has dedicated efforts to shed light on the potentialities and challenges faced by social assistance in Brazil, suggesting improvement paths that contemplate, as much as possible, scientific evidence. One of the main characters in this story is the Bolsa Família Program, and some recent projects of the Institute have focused on the first generations of beneficiaries. These studies point to important and encouraging conclusions, such as that the majority of children dependent on the program in 2005 had left the Single Registry (64%) by 2019, and that almost half (46%) had been formally hired in the labor market.

    Another central character in the history of Brazilian social policies is the Reference Center for Social Assistance (CRAS). The CRAS are the main gateway to the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS) and perform the management of Basic Social Protection (PSB) at the local level, aimed at the population in a situation of social vulnerability and weakening of social and community ties. The technical note published by IMDS this week, entitled "The Implementation of CRAS in Brazilian Municipalities: An Analysis from the SUAS Censuses from 2007 to 2022", aims to continue deepening the history of the expansion of social assistance in the country, focusing on this fundamental facility for the territorial management of PSB.

    The note uses the Suas Censuses from 2007 to 2022 and the 2000 Demographic Census to identify the characteristics of the municipalities that adopted these facilities more or less quickly. These data suggest that the municipalities that adopted the CRAS in their territories in the first years of the expansion of the SUAS had a relatively larger share and contingent of people vulnerable to poverty. Perhaps less surprisingly, given the strong correlation between poverty and other indicators of social vulnerability, they also had labor markets marked by less economic activity, less formalization, and worse health indicators. Thus, a highly decentralized process of expansion ended up prioritizing the demand of the most vulnerable population in the country.

    The note also lists some challenges and priorities for monitoring and evaluating the impact of social assistance services, facilities, and programs in Brazil. In particular, it discusses the difficulties and importance of creating an indicator of coverage of social assistance services, a fundamental step to deepen knowledge about and monitor the presence of social protection in Brazilian municipalities.

  Motivated by these challenges and priorities, IMDS is developing a project of in-depth analysis of SUAS, including the investigation of at least 105 normative documents, including laws, decrees, ordinances, resolutions and basic guidelines, as well as a set of interviews with figures who actively participated in the construction of social policy in Brazil and with characters who coordinate and execute its implementation at the tip. From there will be built, in illustrated format, the architecture of the current operation of the PSB, the delimitation of the criteria of the target audiences and the human resources necessary for its offer and the translation of these criteria into indicators. These will be inputs for the following stages, which will include estimates of the potential demand for the services, benefits and programs of the PSB, in addition to estimates of what they offer, what their budget requirements are, and their expectation of social return.

    To that end, the project has, in addition to the technical team of IMDS, the partnership of managers and researchers recognized in the fields of assistance and social policy, such as Andrezza Rosalém, Ricardo Paes de Barros, Laura Machado and Wanda Engel, and should also receive the technical support of a municipal secretariat of social assistance that is exemplary in the execution of its services.

    We invite readers to follow the next steps of the project, which will be announced on our portal in the coming months.

        Until the next “Letter from IMDS”!

        Paulo Tafner

        CEO


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