As the literature shows, the phonic method has a relevant impact on the literacy process, including among students of lower socioeconomic status. An emblematic example is the Communication, Language and Literacy Development program, in England, which showed positive effects both in the implementation stage and in the following years. At seven years of age, there was a 7.3% improvement in reading indicators compared to the average. In the long term, around the age of eleven, the program especially benefited students from lower socioeconomic levels and those who were not native English speakers, with an increase of about 6% in reading performance.
Thus, the approach presents itself as an effective strategy to improve performance in the process of learning to read and reduce disparities associated with socioeconomic status. Despite this, the adoption of the phonic method meets with strong resistance in Brazil. The debate is often polarized, making it difficult to understand evidence-based practices.
Neuroscience shows that the human brain is not biologically programmed to read but can be molded if stimulated at the right time. Hence, literacy in the 1st grade of elementary school is decisive. It is in this period, between four and six years of age, that the learning response to instruction is more elastic. Small advances in well-structured education generate quick and lasting gains.
A key concept discussed in the workshop was the Literacy Threshold, which defines objective proficiency criteria, considering the technical mastery of the writing code (accuracy when reading words), and the basic level of fluency (the number of correct words read per minute). Upon reaching this threshold, the child starts to learn by reading, gains autonomy in expanding vocabulary and understanding what he reads. It is possible to cross this threshold in the 1st school year, with the application of correct methods and daily routines.
The literature points to the phonic method as a promising path in the mission to improve literacy performance in the country, ensuring greater return throughout the educational cycle. Adjusting the base, in a technical and objective way, is the fastest and safest way to generate an effective social impact, reduce inequalities, and establish the conditions to promote adequate schooling.
